Streamflow stationarity in a changing world

Abstract Whether river flows remain stationary is of great concern to hydrologists, water engineers, and society in general, yet subject substantial debate. Here we provide the first comprehensive assessment long-term stationarity annual streamflow for 11 069 catchments globally. Our observation-based evidence shows that remains 79% with minimal human disturbance, indicating historical climate change alone has not led non-stationarity series most catchments. In direct contrast, found remained only 38% those where interventions have occurred. These results demonstrate scale impact on freshwater system, highlight ongoing need dealing impacts ensure successful management into future.